Loneliness, Aloneness, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Southern Italian Individuals

Godos, Justyna and Caruso, Giuseppe and Olvera-Moreira, Marco Antonio and Giampieri, Francesca and Tutusaus, Kilian and Toral-Noristz, Melannie and Zambrano-Villacres, Raynier and Leonardi, Alice and Balzano, Rosa M. G. and Galvano, Fabio and Castellano, Sabrina and Grosso, Giuseppe UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es, kilian.tutusaus@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED (2026) Loneliness, Aloneness, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Southern Italian Individuals. Nutrients, 18 (3). p. 387. ISSN 2072-6643

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Research across multiple disciplines has explored how nutrition is shaped by social isolation and feelings of loneliness, especially in the elderly population. Evidence from neuroscience highlights that loneliness may alter eating patterns, encouraging emotional eating or other compensatory food behaviors. Conversely, isolation from social contexts is often linked to a reduced variety of nutrient intake. This study set out to examine how psychosocial aspects, particularly social connectedness and feeling alone, relate to adherence to the Mediterranean diet among older adults residing in Sicily, southern Italy. Methods: Dietary habits of 883 adults were collected through food frequency questionnaires and assessed for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Loneliness was measured through a targeted question from a standardized tool designed to capture depressive symptoms. Direct questions asked whether participants were engaged in social networks, such as family, friends and neighborhoods, or religious communities, in order to assess objective aloneness. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between variables of interest. Results: After accounting for potential confounders, both loneliness and aloneness showed an association with stronger adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Specifically, individuals experiencing loneliness and aloneness were less likely to have high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.51, and OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.54, respectively). Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of fostering social engagement among older populations, who may particularly benefit from maintaining active social ties to support healthier eating behaviors.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	loneliness; aloneness; Mediterranean diet; diet quality; cognitive function; neurological behavior
Subjects:	Subjects > Nutrition
Divisions:	Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production University of La Romana > Research > Scientific Production
Depositing User:	Sr Bibliotecario
Date Deposited:	26 Jan 2026 13:03
Last Modified:	26 Jan 2026 13:03
URI:	http://repositorio.funiber.org/id/eprint/26914

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